Operations Management Assignment Essay

Operations management focuses on cautiously managing the processes to generate and deal out products and services. Some of the associated activities comprise managing purchases, list control, excellence control, storage space, logistics and evaluations. It should be noted that a great deal of focus is on competence and efficacy of processes. Therefore, operations management frequently includes considerable dimension and scrutiny of in-house processes. Eventually, the nature of the method in which operations management is conducted in an association depends extremely much on the nature of goods or services in the association, for instance, vend, manufacturing, wholesale, just to mention but a few. This paper tackles a case study on Weldon Hand Tools that shifted from European hand tool manufacturers to woodworking tools market. (Lewis & Slack, 2002) 1. How many staff should the company employ  Weldon Hand Tools is a region of commerce that is concerned with the manufacture of merchandise and services, and involves the liability of ensuring that commerce operations are well-organized and effectual. The corporation ensures the administration of resources, the giving out of merchandise and services to clientele, and the scrutiny of queue systems. (Lewis & Slack, 2002) Woodworking tool market is a positive and reactive ecological strategy that has assisted the corporation to endorse high-quality stewardship within the society. This will enable Weldon Hand Tools to diminish its carbon footprint by using sustainable supplies, reduce squander in the fabrication cycle and execute widespread corporate-wide recycling and reprocess programs. (Lowson, 2002) The corporation should employ as many employees as possible, roughly more than 30 acquaintances both full-time and part time so as to incessantly look at the company’s processes, this will enable optimization of cede for every part. Nevertheless, the additional ways in which the corporation can reduce waste and optimize cede comprise: amalgamation of acerbic and full bunk consumption and lean manufacturing. Weldon Hand Tools ought to also use supplies with low formaldehyde and low VOC substance. This should contain 100 percent solid or water based adhesives and finishing supplies that will generate a quality smooth and fine fashioned wood that has a competitive advantage in the market. (Naylor, 2002) It should be taken into consideration that while using low VOC, Weldon Hand Tools products will facilitate strength and durability, whilst providing the additional advantage of packaging and delivery investments owing to the reduced density. Weldon Hand Tools can eradicate the burden of casing by lapping panels in the stacking procedure. This would enable the bundles to intertwine thereby eradicating the need for strapping to clutch the bundles jointly when they are moved. (Gaither, 1984) The power plant ought to run 24 hours a day, seven days a week so as to produce just about 1,700 tons of smooth and well shaped wood per week. This will facilitate the corporation to burn roughly 1,000 tons per week for steam and power. (Chase & Aquilano, 2000) 2.  What type of facilities and technology will the company need to buy in order to assemble this product? Weldon Hand tools will require a mixture of machinery that will offer a jointer and planner in one component. Grizzly and jet machines will be helpful in this corporation. A horsepower distinction stands out while comparing the motors of the two equipments. Whereas the jet device boasts a 3-horsepower, 220-volt motor, the Grizzly device boasts a 5-horsepower, 220 volt motor power. It then follows that each one motor produces more than 5,000 rpm thereby making the number of cuts per inch about equivalent. In comparison, Grizzly has 15,102 cuts while jet has 16,500 cuts. (Mattfeld, 2006) The Grizzly device has a split, silky and refined jointer bed and this means an additional step in converting to planer mode. The Grizzly boundary marker is physically powerful and easy to regulate. A straightforward flip of a handle allows one to turn around a knob and shift the boundary marker across the jointer bed. On the other hand, Grizzly design has a disadvantage of having to remove the complete boundary marker prior to converting the device to the planner mode. It should be noted that the boundary marker slides off a dovetail way, even though this appears to be easy enough, storing the boundary marker every time you make use of the planer is onerous. (Association of European operational Research societies, 1989) The Grizzly device has the more recognizable pork-chop technique protector. It swings out as the fabric, and your hand, moves past the harvester head. On the other hand, the jet device features a blueprint that is comparable to European machinery in which the unbending protector raises and lowers thus allowing you to fine-tune to the width of your stock. The advantage of this type of guard is that it helps keep your hands from forever passing over the blades. In my view, I have a preference of the jet guard in view of the fact that it’s an overall safer design. (American production and Inventory control society, 1991) The company will need to buy shapers. Shapers are frequently used to silhouette the boundaries of stock. The machinist feeds the stock from any route against a perpendicular revolving harvester mounted on a spindle and as a result the spindle rotates at a high speed. Some equipment has manifold spindles. Moreover, they also have guide pins that clutch the stock for bowed shaping and fences clutch it for straight line shaping. (Belenky, 1998) In addition to this, the corporation will need to purchase routers. These are used for purposes such as cutting and shaping ornamental pieces, generating framework and panel doors, and milling moldings. Routers have spindles that turn variously fashioned, miniature diameter cutting apparatus at high speeds. The device is held in a collet chuck and protrudes through a horizontal, silky base that slides over the outer surface of the labor. The tool-spindle axis is more often than not vertical, however it may be tilted. The machinist lowers the head for machining, and the head mechanically returns to its original location after the cut is made. This spindle is usually driven by belts and pulleys or by a high-speed motor. (Dilworth, 1989) Moreover, the company will need to purchase radial saws. These are spherical saws that cut downhill, either with or next to the wood grain. It then follows that for crosscutting, the timber is pressed away from the machinist and next to a boundary marker. For rip cuts, the cutting edge is set parallel to the boundary marker, and the stock is hard-pressed through. The saw razor blade then rotates upward the machinist; who feeds the stockpile in the differing direction of the razor blade movement. (Lewis & Slack, 2002) However, it should be noted that radial saws have features that make them more adaptable than table saws. The saw arm can be elevated and lowered and swung from side to side to regulate the profundity and horizontal point of view of the cut; the razor blade can be replaced with shaping shears, drum sanders and other garnishes. It should be noted that woodworking requires safety, therefore, the corporation should provide its human resources with push sticks or other hand tools so that their hands are away from the point of process when they work on miniature pieces of stockpile. A push stick is a narrow piece of wood or block with a nick cut into one end that is frequently used to shove narrow lengths of fabric through saws. The advantage of using push sticks is that they keep the stock from tipping and prevents the machinist fingers from getting in contact with the blades. (Lowson, 2002) Weldon Hand Tools should purchase bench planes in view of the fact that they are modifiable, and the finest have lateral as well as forefront and at the rear cutter adjustment. In addition to this, they also have a movable frog that varies the mouth opening. Moreover, the company can also purchase a block plane, even though it is the least and simplest plane; it is used for light work such as smoothing the finish granule of boards and shaping miniature pieces of wood. It uses a solitary harvester blade that is positioned at a low angle in the frame in order to sanction better acerbic. Its benefit is that, it is obtainable in both modifiable and non-modifiable models. (Klassen & Menor, 2005) Modifiable planes usually feature steel screws that are frequently on the ending of the plane to facilitate differing of the cutter height. Nevertheless, some block planes have an adaptable mouth to differ fragment thickness. An extremely narrow mouth is best for excellent finishing, whilst a wider mouth permits quick stock elimination on less critical labor. (Naylor, 2002) 3.  Design a layout for the assembly operation (to include the fly press work) including the tasks to be performed at each part of the system Device tools direct the equipment to process materials so as to get the desired shapes. For that reason, they comprise the center of manufacturing systems and will give a comprehensible procedure for the selection and acquisition of woodworking equipment. An assessment and examination of the fundamentals of production system ought to be performed prior to selecting machine tools. It then follows that production system has a number of factors that influence equipment selection. Such considerations are connected to the concluding product, industrial unit size and locality, product forecast, layout, universal device parameters, and cost. (Mescon & Albert, 1981) Since Weldon Hand Tools decided to amass all planes at one of the company’s lesser factory sites where an entire workshop is unoccupied, lower equipment ranking ought to be selected in order to maintain capital investment low. These tools will execute adequately when processing gmelina lumber, which is comparable to yellow-pop-lar in machining properties. (Gaither, 1984)

The Poplar Field Analysis

It has been said that â€Å"Cowper’s life was tormented by a set of symptoms, habits, and fears which his poetry in many places reflects†¦we consider that Cowper turned to poetry for reasons intimately connected with the torment of his life at times became for him. † (Feingold Para. ) William Cowper utilizes setting in his poem â€Å"The Poplar Field† to represent his reflections on the passage of time; we go on a journey with Cowper to visit the past, present, and future of the speaker and the journey is warped around different landmarks in speaker’s life and represented by the effects of aging, not only of the speaker, but on the poplar field as well. In lines 5-6, we walk with the speaker as he reminisces twelve years in the past, where he first had the opportunity to gather a glimpse of the poplar field.We are able to see the setting come to life, where the trees and the young speaker grew together on the bank. The past represents a time for the s peaker that was precious to him- his youth, a time of little responsibility where he lacked accountability for his actions. Cowper utilizes a dance between the past and present to show a reflection of the passage of time as one of the first significant underlying themes for the speaker. From this experience with his past, we are able to see his childhood and what the speaker is missing from the past to the present.The poplar field brings many memories of shade and comfort for the speaker but it is short-lived as we begin to see Cowper bring the speaker back to reality in lines 7-12, and the speaker begins to see the remains from the poplar trees that once shaded him from the blazing sun, now lying leafless and lifeless on the ground (line 7). We are now able to see as Cowper ties us to the reality of what the speaker is seeing in his present moment and the brutal setting that is laid before him.The speaker is brought back to a harsh reality where the blackbirds have fled to a new re treat (line 9) and because the trees are no longer there to shade them, the only part of the tree that remains is a stump for the speaker to sit on (line 12) as he stares into the dismay of the trees having been chopped down and lying in the grass (line 7). This setting represents maturing, going through mid-life, and the beginning of the aging process for the speaker.The trees having been cut down represents a cruel reality for the speaker, his childhood is now over and instead of having others to care for him, he now has to become the one taking care of others. The present day is barren of splendor, and just as the speaker is sitting at the top of the devastation of his once favorite field of trees, he sits on top of all of the devastation of what is known as his life: the poor decisions, the what-ifs, and all of the neglected opportunities in the past, present, and future that he will miss because of the immoral judgments he made in the past.This juxtaposition shows the speaker i s now in the dominant position, he can no longer enjoy the dominancy of the tree’s protection and shade (line 8), but he is now responsible for all of the mistakes he made in life, and this is where Cowper begins to fast forward us to the future in lines 13-20, where the speaker will soon face not only old age but also his own inevitable death. Cowper begins to show us that the speaker is aging and his life will soon be over, he will die, and just like the trees, his last and final setting will be in the ground.The speaker says, â€Å"My fugitive years are all hasting away† (line 13)†¦ he is no longer a young sprout, he is getting old, and his younger days of living freely are quickly disappearing. â€Å"Ere another such grove shall arise in its stead. †(Line 16) We can see the new trees will be planted to replace the old trees that he once loved, in a similar sense, new people will rise up and replace the speaker, and he is trying to figure out how he will leave his mark on the world after he is long gone.The speaker soon begins to realize that once he is dying and after his death, he will no longer be in control of his surroundings and he will be at mercy of the generation after him. Just as his last breath is taken out of the world, somewhere there will be someone else’s first breath being taken in, and the circle of life and death will continue. William Cowper exploited three major settings to represent the speaker’s reflections on the passage of time. We embarked on a voyage through the recollections of the speaker’s past, in to experiencing his present day pain and skipped on to his worries of the future.We see as Cowper takes us on each journey; the past with beautiful bold trees full of leaves and shade for a young juvenile who was full of life, to the present day where the trees are felled, cut down to a stump upon which an aging man rest upon and reminisces of the golden days, and finally we are able to fast forward to the future and see a impending field full of new poplar trees, and a new generation rising up to replace the old which have died out. We walk with Cowper step to step and explore what comes to be known as the circle of existence and extinction.Works Cited Cowper, William. â€Å"The Poplar Field. † Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Robert Zweig. 10th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2012. 722. Print. Feingold, Richard. â€Å"William Cowper: State, Society, and Countryside. †Ã‚  Nature and Society: Later Eighteenth-Century Uses of the Pastoral and Georgic. Rutgers University Press, 1978. 121-153. Rpt. in  Poetry Criticism. Ed. David M. Galens. Vol. 40. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 13 Nov. 2012.

Diary Of Internship Essay

My first day at work, on practice, to be more accurate, was mainly about getting familiar with the staff I will be working with. When I first got contacted from the UniCredit bank, I was told to go to business office of this bank that was located in street Zelenih beretki 24, and to talk with the person that was in charge of this business office, Mrs. Suzana Krajina Jusupović. I spoke with her, and she immediately introduced me to the staff, first with the people that have been working in section Payment operations, and then with other staff. People from the Payment operations section were my co-workers for that week. I taught were highly of these people, because I could see how much business are they doing. Monday was usually a day when a lot of business was done, since people accumulated their bills and obligations on weekends. I used this day to see how are the things done, since they gave me no responsibilities. Tuesday was the day in which I was introduced to the business of Payment operations and I have immediately begun to clarify the credit transfers, bills and to make stamps, because they couldn’t give me more authorities and power. I was in some way disappointed with this, because I wanted to prove that I can do more and help them in more ways than this. The thing I liked is that I had a contact with the people that were coming in the bank, and I could see how does it look to be on the other side. Day after that, I continued doing the same thing, and I was getting pretty good at communicating with people that were coming. My co-workers also explained me the division between the bills that we were getting. We were dividing them into the inner ones- the ones that had the sender account and the receiver account from UniCredit, the ones that were going from UniCredit bank to other banks, and the ones that had a connection with income. My job was to divide the accounts into these three categories, and then to give them to the next office, where these accounts were sent to further arrangement. Thursday was the day that I changed my workplace. They have sent me to the next office where I could see the next part of the process of the Payment operations. This was the part in which we were to scan all the accounts and then send them, in groups that are called batches, to Mostar, because the main UniCredit bank is located there. Then the people from Mostar would send us via mail the announcement if any of these batches had a mistake in it or were bad in any way. Batches were sent through very complex but yet easy to use application, that has been made by the IT support in Split. Batches were also divided in the same manner as accounts. In Friday, they have allowed me to work with scanner and I have pretty much enjoyed in this area, because all business was done with the computer, and I like this, because the possibility of error is minimal, and doing business is easier and faster. This was a very interesting job, although I had a feeling that I would be annoyed doing the same thing all over again. That is the thing I didn’t like in this job. I spend only a week in this section, and I could immediately know almost everything there is to know, and the job was the same from day to day, with a little possibility that something different will happen. Second week 19.-23. March When I came to a job on 19th March, I was immediately informed that I will be working on cashier that week. This branch of UniCredit bank was consisted of four cashiers, and one of them was in some way special, since it was a cashier for legal persons. Other three were regular cashiers. This special cashier had a special office, and the person working here, Sanjin, was separated from other cashiers and he was in contact with legal persons only. He was in contact with other cashiers though, since they were all connected in a case of, for example, lack of money. I was sent in this office, and since it was separate, I could do some things and make mistakes without of risk of being seen by other staff or by the clients. All the employees were working with the same software, and they called it Core. Basically, the persons with the bigger knowledge and skills had access to more applications in this program. Sanjin gave me a big responsibility from day one. My first assignment for that day was to input and register the transactions of one big client that was operating with the bank on daily basis. I couldn’t make a mistake, since I had a supervisor, and I wasn’t in a direct contact with the client, everything was done electronically. At the end of the day, we had to check if our balance of payments was zero, and to check if we have as much money in our cashier, as we have in our computer database. Tuesday was also very exciting day. I had a lot of job, and I was getting to know more about the cashier and the business related to it. Then, one big client came, and we had to give him a lot of money that we didn’t have in the cashier. I wasn’t aware of the fact that the money was sent to the vault that was in the building. I was given that privilege to go there, and I was very pleased with this, since they have told me that I was a first student that has been given this chance. I was impressed by the amount of money there- I thought that I have to go to a movie theatre to see that. The vault had about eight men employed there, and they were counting the money. The whole sight was impressive. After all this, I came back to office and continued with regular activities. The next day, nothing excited happened really, I was just given some more responsibilities since I was allowed to do transactions with clients that came in (this also had to be done electronically). I could also count the money on those awesome machines, and I was pretty satisfied because I always had a desire to do that . Thursday was the day I found out that Sanjin was in charge of cash dispenser machines, and he was ought to keep them full of money. He would send an e-mail to persons that could check the status of these machines with the computer, and they would say if there is a need for a refill. I was very pleased when I found out that we have to go and place the money in those machines, because I was interested to see how it works. We first put the money in boxes that were made to be placed in the machines. We went to those machines, locked the door so nobody could come in, and replaced those boxes full of money with the empty ones. It wasn’t complex machine at all, inside of it there was a keyboard similar to the one that you can see on the computer, and with the keyboard we could insert the amount of money that we have put there in the computer memory. Friday was the day when I continued doing business with regular clients, and I felt so natural in doing this, I could almost see myself doing this for the rest of my life. This job was very unpredictable and full of action, and that is what attracted me. Third week 26.-30. March Since there was obviously my goal to find out more about this job, because I can really see myself doing some of this work, Suzana wanted me to go to the retailing sector for two remaining weeks. As I knew from before, banks have a problem of tangibility of their business, since all the services have that problem. Banks decided to represent some of their services as products, so the people could see these tangible parts, such are credit cards or cash machines. They also represent their credit loans as products, and I was sent to the retailing sector to see how are credit loans actually sold. These credits can be divided into mortgage credit, cash/money credit, bilateral credit etc. During my work in UniCredit I have only been introduced to cash credits. This branch, its retailing sector to be more precise, was segmented into two parts: in one part family bankers were employed, and in other part these bankers were called personal bankers. The difference was not actually in the number of the people who were operating with bankers, but in the income of the people. If someone had an income of 2000 KM or more, he would be assigned to the personal banker. If not, they would be assigned to family banker. There are four family bankers, and two personal bankers employed in that branch currently. I was given the freedom of choice to go where ever I want, and to watch who ever I want while doing business. Monday was the day when I was introduced with the meaning of the credits and with the way in which these bankers were communicating with people. I immediately saw that this part of work is a lot harder that all the others I have seen so far, since these people had enormous amount of work. They had to prepare the credits, to form a map and a plan of credit, to validate it, to send it to approval, and in the same time, they had to communicate and encourage other people to „buyâ€Å" credits. I didn’t have much to do, since I was asked just to watch and listen them doing work. Next day was a little bit more interesting. I had an opportunity to see software designed for credits. This application was pretty complex, but just like everything based on computer, it had a possibility of correcting any possible mistakes. The thing is that this application had numerous steps and fields you need to fill in order to make a credit map. This map is a foundation of credit, and the map is sent to the Board of Credit Risks, when finished, and this Board then makes the decision whether to approve this credit or not, based on information from the map. In Wednesday I was getting some more information about credit. For the first time, I’ve watched credit development from the start. When client came, he wanted to know if he can get a cash credit in 10,000 KM amount. First thing that had to be done was that the banker had to check if he had any other credits and debits in other banks. Banker could automatically see whether or not the client has some credits and debits in UniCredit bank from the database. Only way in which the banker could find out about the full list of obligations of the client was to send an e-mail to Central bank register, and to get this information from the people employed in Central bank. Then, when given this information, the employee could see if the client is in a possibility to get a loan. After this step, the banker needs some additional information, such as if the person needs a guarantor or not, his ID number, his credit card status etc. After this, the banker is making credit map. I also learned how to scan all the files necessary for the credit, how to separate them, and how to index those files. I was asked the same day when I have learned this to track this new scanning program, and to inform the IT support if I had any problems. Thursday was very interesting because I could speak to the clients now, since I already had some knowledge about credits. I was, of course, constantly mentored by other bankers, and I have tried to prove myself as much as possible. I have soon realized that it is not easy communicating with people on a daily basis, since they sometimes don’t have patience and understanding of delays and possible mistakes. I have continued scanning all the credits, and then sending them to further editing. These credits were then sent to a segment that is called Credit administration, and then to Board of Credit Risks. Next day I have been granted with more opportunities of proving myself since they let me input client information and data in the computer. I was a little bit scared, since I knew how big responsibility this was and how one wrong click can slow things down, but I did just fine. It was the end of the month, and all of the credits were ought to be send in order to be approved, so everybody was pretty nervous. I had a lot of obligations and tasks, since they all needed help to catch up and to finish their business. I continued with scanning the files, and with sending them to Credit administration. Deadline and its influence could be seen on these employees, and I felt a need to help them as much as I could. Fourth week 2.-6. April My final week of the practice started at the same place as the third one. First day of this week was regular one, since I continued doing my job with the credits. I was spending more time with personal bankers, who were doing the business with the clients who had income of 2000 KM or more. They, of course, had a smaller number of clients, but these clients were very rich and they were bringing more money to the bank, so the bankers that are in contact with these clients need to have a good communication skills. Tuesday was the day when I was assigned with the most boring job I’ve done there. I had to go to the archive and find some old credits and database. This wasn’t the thing I was hoping to do, but I realized that this is also the way in which I can contribute. I’ve looked through these old files, and I had opportunity to compare old and new way of making credit maps. Next day, when I came, I was told that I have already done on every job they have planned me to work on, so I had a full freedom of doing whatever I want. I have decided to stay in the retail sector that day, since it was the place in which I had the best connection and communication with the people, and it was the most dynamic place. I have also been asked to help with the cash dispenser machines, and I did that again. I have given my report to the IT sector regarding the scanning software, and they were pretty satisfied with my results. In Thursday I have decided to go back to the cashier, since I have enjoyed there very much. I counted the money again, and got the opportunity to see all the foreign currencies, like Canadian dollar, Australian dollars, and others, which was great. I’ve met a lot of interesting people that day, and since we finished with all legal persons, we could invite and do transactions for other people as well. My last day at work was 6th April. I was disappointed by this, since I had really liked spending time here and learning new things. I spend the whole day in retail sector, and I was once again looking at credits and loans. At the end of the day, I’ve gave my evaluation sheets to Suzana and asked her to fill it. I finished with all the best marks, and she told me I left a strong impression on her. She also wished me to be her co-worker one day. I was very happy about this, since I had a desire to satisfy all the expectations and to do my practice in a fine manner. Before leaving, I’ve said goodbyes to everyone and thanked them for their faith in me.

Is the U.S. seeking to contain China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Is the U.S. Seeking to Contain China - Essay Example Such moves are seen as a threat to the security and stability of the region and a deliberate attempt by China to assert its power over its neighbors. This action prompted the U.S to construct an offshore alliance with other military forces in the eastern and southern borders of China such as Japan and South Korea. The U.S also formed the SEATO and ANZUS treaties which linked up countries such as Thailand, Philippines, Australia and New Zealand as its allies in the period between 1949 and 1969. It maintained military bases in these regions and also went to the extent of encouraging them to refrain from entering into diplomatic ties with China. However, over the years the Chinese have managed to create a coalition with some of its neighbors who are dedicated to containing Chinese power. Notably, these coalition partners include South Korea, Vietnam, and the Philippines all of whom previously were U.S allies. This is some circles can be viewed as a deliberate move by the Chinese government to move into the territory previously occupied by the Americans. Such moves are further fuelling tensions of the intentions of such a quest for power and dominance by China. Furthermore, the Chinese constant threats to Japan over the island dispute amid the already heightened tensions created by its military forces are not helping the situation. These islands called Diaoyo by the Chinese and Senkaku by the Japanese has ushered in a new rise to probable aggressions and security instability especially considering Chinas firm stand on the subject. These threats to Japan further escalated when the Chines targeted a Japanese ship with its weapo ns radar, a situation that did not go unmentioned when Japans prime minister issued a stern response terming that move as dangerous.  

Data Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Data Analysis Report - Essay Example The personal beliefs of the person, balanced by the significance that he or she attributes to the influence of others, help determine behavioural intentions. Finally, behavioural intentions are the integration of one’s attitudes toward certain behaviour along with the subjective norms associated with such behaviour; behavioural intentions have also been shown to influence actual behaviour (Miller, 2005). The theory of reasoned action has been frequently used for determining the purchase intentions of consumers. For example, the study of Korzaan (2003) applied the theory on examining college student’s online purchasing intentions. Findings showed that attitudes toward online purchasing had a significant influence on behavioural intentions to become involved in conducting purchases online. The study of Kim and Cheung (2011) also showed how personal values and beliefs strongly influenced consumer attitudes toward purchasing a particular product; moreover, previous experien ces also helped predict purchase intentions while perceived behavioural control acted as a mediator in the relationship between attitudes and purchase intentions. ... ce Quality It has been asserted by Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry (1993) that the quality of services can be measured by examining the gap that exists between customers’ expectations and the actual services delivered by employees. Their SERVQUAL model was developed in order to measure such gap, thereby allowing organisations and researchers alike to determine possible service areas that can be further enhanced. Service quality can be evaluated through the perceptions of customers regarding a specific service and its level of quality, hence the following dimensions: reliability to identify whether employees were able to provide an accurate and dependable delivery of services; assurance which is characterized by the ability of employees to create a sense of trust and favourable expectations among customers; responsiveness which refers to the ability of employees in attending to their customers in a prompt manner; empathy that is demonstrated through care and concern for custome rs’ specific needs; and tangibles that are evident through physical appearances and materials. Service quality has been constantly linked to a number of concepts such as customer satisfaction and loyalty. According to Kondou (1999), customer satisfaction is a positive affective response that is brought about by the person’s evaluation of a certain situation. The theory and practice of service marketing heavily relies on the satisfaction of customer needs due as this can ultimately result to increased profitability. Companies that deliver services which customers often perceive as satisfying can not only increase satisfaction but also increase positive behavioural intentions through customer loyalty. Kang, Okamoto, and Donovan (2004) showed that tangibles showed that tangibles were the most

Nutrition Recommendation of a Caregiver to the Patient Assignment

Nutrition Recommendation of a Caregiver to the Patient - Assignment Example The assignment "Nutrition Recommendation of a Caregiver to the Patient" presents the overview of the responsibilities of a caregiver and how he can provide total attention to the patient. There should be a friendly rapport between the two parties, the patient and the caregiver for the best results towards nutrition process from the patient. The caregiver should dictate the feeding program. Legume foods, fish or poultry, are also good for the patient, and, therefore, the caregiver has to include in the nutrition schedule. Fruits should come either before or after every meal under ordinary circumstances. Above it all, the caregiver should provide enough water for every meal because water is obviously a solvent to every ingested food. The patient to have a recommendation of five or more cups of water from the caregiver to maximize digestion. In boosting appetite for food, the caregiver should introduce the patient to the multivitamin injections or drugs canceling. These drugs give the patient a self-drive towards meals. It is necessary for the caregiver to involve the patient in a daily less strenuous exercise to enhance digestion and also vitamin D synthesis. Let the patient’s weight records be taken progressively through the nutritional period to gauge the health standards of the patient. The caregiver should also encourage the patient to get involved in reading journals to avoid stress. Let the patient consider her health status. The entire family has to be informed about the necessity of frequent medical consultation.

Intrapreneurship and Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intrapreneurship and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Still, entrepreneurship is limited in resources (including financial resources) and has fewer possibilities to compete on the global scale. The paper will discuss differences of concepts, their piratical application, the main driven forces and risk related factors. The study of new venture development and entrepreneurship as a process, and the study of the early stages of the business life cycle, belong as much or more to marketing than to any other business function. Indeed, some argue that the very term management may be somewhat in definitional conflict with the term entrepreneurship (Clark and Lee 2006). Further, the entrepreneurial spirit can be hypothesized that marketing is the organizational function most dominated by boundary agents; by open interactive systems; and by truly entrepreneurial activity. Market opportunity analysis, new product development, the diffusion of innovation, and marketing strategies to create growing firms are at the heart of both marketing and entrepreneurship. These also represent the most relevant, existing marketing literature bases. Entrepreneurship as defined by Burns (2001) focuses on opportunity and is therefore particularly relevant to the marketing interface; it is the process of creating value by com bining resources to exploit an opportunity. Although entrepreneurship requires innovation, not all innovation is entrepreneurial. There is an extensive body of knowledge on creativity in science and the arts that does not involve "the commercial or industrial application of something new--a new product, process, or method of production; a new form of commercial, business, or financial organization" (Burns 2002, p. 54). Pinchot and Pellman (2000) explain that "intrapreneurs are linked to the speed and cost-effectiveness of technology transfer from research and development to the marketplace" (p. 45). The researchers claim that Intrapreneurship is often associated with inventions that come up with new products and new processes. There is also considerable research on innovation and the management of research and development that deals with an end product of ideas or objects whose ability to deliver economic value has yet to be tested. In the entrepreneurship literature, innovation is coupled with its ability to create economic v alue. Whether done by an individual or a team, there is general agreement that entrepreneurship involves an act by a motivated individual who innovates by creating value through

Medieval Roman Catholicism in Christianity Essay

Medieval Roman Catholicism in Christianity - Essay Example The contributions of two prominent popes in the medieval times paved the way for the conversion of Emperor Constantine in 312 who â€Å"legalized Christianity, promoted its interests, and took an active role in its institutional and doctrinal development† (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). The name Christianity was coined from Jesus Christ. Christianity is the name given to that definite system of religious belief and practice which was taught by Jesus Christ in the country of Palestine, during the reign of the Roman Emperor, Tiberius, and was promulgated, after Jesus’ death, for the acceptance of the whole world, by certain chosen men among His followers. The role of medieval Roman Catholicism, therefore, is the promulgation of evangelization of various peoples all over the world. In addition, the church instigated roles of education, engaging in charitable activities, and promotion of the family as the sole unit of social and moral values. As revealed in the history of Roman Catholicism, â€Å"one of the most significant developments of the late ancient and early medieval periods—for Roman Catholicism and all forms of Christianity—was the emergence of Christian theology. During the late ancient and early medieval periods there was also a significant growth in monasticism, the origins of which are traditionally associated with the Apostles in Jerusalem† (Britannica, 2010). The teachings from the Apostles became the basis for their compilations of the Bible. As indicated in the article on Roman Catholicism stating that â€Å"the churchs role in mediating salvation has been emphasized more than in other Christian traditions. Supernatural life is mediated to Christians through the sacraments administered by the hierarchy to whom obedience is due† (Roman Catholic Church, 2010). The origins of Roman Catholicism were instrumental in proffering the existence of God, as proven in five ways, to wit: from motion, from the nature of efficient cause,

Architecture and the environment paper Research

Architecture and the environment - Research Paper Example Question 1: Ways which physical structures affect human behavior Architecture has majorly many roles and functions in the industry. Some aim to be aesthetically pleasant, comparable to the effect of any art figure. It can also be an expression of societal passion, cultural pride, or national value (Ayers, 2007). Critics maintain the notion that architectural set up and the configuration of space, the spacing and number of windows, and lighting affects individuals. Additionally, architectural set up has tough but variable effects on users' mood, social behavior, productivity and design features. They also affect wellbeing and health (Ayers, 2007). According to Joye (2007), people’s environs dictate not only way they reason but also their logical maturity. Gestalt psychology reasons that humans experience the power of architecture as their brains have a liking to surmise patterns and rhythm of structure and space, which dictate behavior (Joye, 2007). Question 2: Ways which archi tecture controls human behavior The structural set up of space inflicts limitations on behavior. Doorways decide human entrance to a room likewise a room’s magnitude restricts the behaviors that can occur within a room (Ayers, 2007). With these thoughts in mind, a structure’s purpose plus its users should equal its design. Since inhabitants modify the design and functionality requirements, the set up of the interior should consider elasticity. A building's interior should craft the appearance of space, despite its real size since space makes dwellers think they have the option between separation and interaction. People had to put out a more optimistic sense of control when their surroundings allowed them to decide separation or interaction rather than experiencing both just forced upon them. The psychological outcomes of crowding have been linked to anxiety and provocation. Facts propose that when people recognize sufficient space, they seem to have an enormous sense o f power over their surroundings and stand less prone to worry over slight bothers, aggression and pressure. Additionally, sufficient space comes with an enveloping outcome on personal health plus wellbeing. In a study, of dormitories, crushing facts said that the layout and design of internal space influences the pressure of psychological crowding and said that architectural set up has a mediating outcome on social behavior. Crowding has been associated to social withdrawal, aggression, amplified criminal activities, and unfortunate interaction. Privacy, on the other hand, stands powerfully associated to less social withdrawal, optimistic mental health, a feeling of control and duty performance, and a declined affinity to respond negatively to small bothers. According to Baum (1977), the outcomes of color and lighting in the office had a noteworthy sway on the mood of people working in the office. When workers professed the lighting as too bright or insufficient, their moods went do wn, however, when the lighting was changed and alleged as accurate their moods reached the peak points. Question 3: Implications of Residential and Commercial Set up For the reason of indirect and direct outcomes of architectural set up on wellbeing and health, the author looks at three unified variables as vital thoughts in the set up of space. These variables stand as the privacy, perception of density, and control

Surveillance Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Surveillance Technology - Essay Example ⠁  Before delving into the issue of surveillance technology, it is first necessary to properly define the term â€Å"surveillance.† My understanding of the word is the monitoring of an individual or group of people for the purpose of preventing or correcting a crime. It is an important element of law enforcement to be able to keep abreast of real-time developments and movements in the public sphere. Prior to the usage of cameras and video surveillance, manual observers would need to be placed in the relevant areas. While it is important to maintain a human presence to deter crime, it is also unfeasible to be able to see everything all the time in that area. Hence it is a complementary and necessary policy to use surveillance technology. It is also important to be able to monitor more discreet elements such as odors, trace explosive materials or radiation in public areas. Surveillance technology plays a major role in this regard. Perhaps the advancement of surveillance technology from the twentieth century onwards is best shown though the rapid development of video surveillance. Cameras are used to survey traffic and to prevent and detect crime. In Britain, over 4 million closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras are in use while the United States Border Patrol spent US$64 million on remote video systems (Aresty, 2006)⠁  . Wilkerson explains that true video surveillance began in the 1960s with the introduction and application of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras (Wilkerson, 2008)⠁   by law enforcement agencies. From there, analog technology continued to develop influence surveillance techniques. Video cassette recorders allowed preservation of evidence and from the 1970s onwards businesses prone to theft mounted CCTV cameras on their premises both as a deterrent and as a tool to apprehend thieves. In family court cases, video evidence of adultery and poor parenting decided the outcomes of cases. Analog technology reached its

Impact of social media on management of information systems Research Paper

Impact of social media on management of information systems - Research Paper Example Social media has a great impact on management of information system because it allows easy gathering of knowledge and gives a connection between image, text and video. Social media is practically changing the way we communicate and it has transformed the information technology of business within and outside the company boundaries. Social media has been integral to finance and human resource management and for the understanding of consumer preferences, peer to peer marketing and demand prediction. The management of information system is an important function in an organization as it collect and process many data relevant to a business. Management of information system has achieved great height due to many social media like face book, Twitter and Linked In. The business management and consumer and suppliers have become more interactive and responsive. Social media is an interactive platform and allow input and output of data along with smooth communication. Social media has a large role to play in management of information sytem. Social media is the interaction on a virtual platform where people create, share or exchange information. The different social media like Face book, Twitter and Linked In have been the best informative sites since technology has ever created. As per (Daniel) â€Å"Media is an instrument on communication, like a newspaper or a radio, so social media would be a social instrument of communication†. Now social media has specific importance in every sphere of life especially in the business world. Since globalization, social media has become more and more significant as it is medium through which people in various countries communicate and share information. Social media is of so much importance because of its reach, quality, frequency usability and performance. Social Medias can be internet forums, social network sites, blogs, and content communities. The most famous social media like Face book, Twitter, You Tube and Linked In has

Everyday Use by Walker Essay Example for Free

Everyday Use by Walker Essay Although I enjoyed â€Å"Everyday Use† by Walker, I did not find the first person point of view to be as effective as I would have liked it to be. By writing the story from mama’s point of view Walker denies the reader a chance to gain insight to how the other characters are feeling about the situation. The story tends to give the reader a bias opinion of the events that occur in the story. I believe that if Walker had used an omniscient point of view instead of a first person point of view the story would have been a lot more effective. Mama had a very bias opinion of Dee and by using her point of view for the story the reader may adopt her opinion. But had Walker used an omniscient point of view the reader could have gained insight into Dee’s thoughts and feelings. With the gained insight the reader would be given the chance to form his or her own opinion of Dee. Further insight into Dee’s thoughts and feelings would explain to the reader why Dee acts so superior to Mama and Maggie. The reader would get an idea of whether she really did feel superior or if she was trying to hide her true feelings. An omniscient point of view would also give the reader insight into Maggie’s thoughts and feelings. Being a younger sister myself I couldn’t help but wonder how Maggie felt about her sister. Mama gives the impression that Maggie feels about Dee the same way she does. With an omniscient point of view the reader would know whether or not this is true. When given more personal insight into characters I find that I feel more empathy towards them and enjoy the story more. It makes it more memorable and meaningful for me.

Public Health Issue: Diabetes Mellitus

Public Health Issue: Diabetes Mellitus This assignment will address the public health issue of the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (diabetes) and explore links with health inequalities both nationally and locally. It will discuss the frameworks available which give guidance for standards of care for diabetes patients and their influence on diabetes care. It will then critically discuss the issue of diabetes management in relation to patient education and the ability of patients to self-manage their chronic long-term condition, evaluating both the role of both healthcare professionals and individuals in achieving the best possible healthy outcomes. It will then discuss whether all people get the same level of diabetes care, in particular focusing on people who are not able to attend GP surgeries. Public health is defined as The science and art of promoting and protecting health and wellbeing, preventing ill health and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society (Faculty of Public Health 2008). Health equality is a key element of social justice and as such justifies the government and other health agencies to work in collaboration to develop health policies which improve the publics health regardless of social class, income, gender or ethnicity through promoting healthier lifestyles and protecting them from infectious diseases and environmental hazards (Griffiths Hunter 2007). Yet many health inequalities still exist in the UK, some of which will be discussed in this paper. There are predominantly two types of diabetes mellitus (diabetes); type 1 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce any insulin and type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin to function properly or when the body cells do not react to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is the most common and accounts for around ninety five per cent of people with diabetes. If left untreated both types of diabetes can lead to further complications which include heart disease, stroke, blindness, and kidney failure (Who 2011). Life expectancy is reduced by up to 10 years in those with this type of disease (Whittaker, 2004). In the majority of cases, type 2 diabetes is treated with lifestyle changes such as eating healthier, weight loss, and increasing physical exercise (Diabetes UK, 2007b). There are currently 2.6 million people in the UK with diabetes, and it is thought up to a further 1.1 million are undiagnosed. (Diabetes UK, 2010). Other evidence suggests that approx 50% of people are not aware they have the condition, living a normal life with only mild symptoms (reference). Men are twice more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes, than women, possible because on average they tend to visit their GP less (Nursingtimes.net 2009). Diabetes is one of the most widespread chronic diseases, which is potentially life threatening. It is currently thought to be the leading 4th disease causing death in most developed countries worldwide with estimated prevalence of 285 million people. Most experts agree that more than 4 million people in the UK will have Type 2 diabetes by 2025 with potentially 5.5 million living with this chronic condition by 2030 (Diabetes UK 2010, and International Diabetes Federation (IDF)2010). These statistics are startling; type 2 diabetes is one of the biggest challenges facing the UK today with people often treated entirely by the National Health Service (NHS) who provide care for all levels of diabetes. Diabetes control is considered poor in Europe with the UK being identified as having the worst control. The reasons for this are not clearly identified. However what is clear is the potential impact on people in terms of complications and shorter lives (Liebl et al 2002). People with diabetes who have complications cost the NHS 3.5 times more than people who have no evidence of complications (IDF 2006). The NHS currently spends about 10% of its total resources on diabetes, which equates to  £286 per second. This places a significant drain on resources which will potentially rise in line with the growing prevalence of diabetes and associated complications unless alternative ways to reduce the burden of the disease can be found Diabetes.co.uk). There are many reasons for the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the UK, two of the main ones being the modernisation of industrialisation and urbanisation, which has changed peoples lifestyles and eating habits and caused and escalation in obesity (Helms et al 2003). Diabetes and obesity are closely linked; eighty percent of patients diagnosed with diabetes are obese at the time of diagnosis (Diabetes UK, 2006). Kazmi and Taylor (2009) agree and say type 2 diabetes can be linked to genetics, although increased levels are more likely to be attributable to obesity resulting from a decrease in physical exercise and westernised diets. A 2008 survey highlighted the UK as having the highest obesity levels in Europe, currently 24% of adults are considered obese which tends to increase with age. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2010). However this figure should be treated with caution as England is one of the few countries who uses actual measurements of weight and height, other countries preferring to use self reported measures. The UK has an increasing elderly population which combined with rising levels of obesity is likely to further increase type 2 diabetes prevalence(DH2010). The links between socioeconomic deprivation and ill health are well established (Yamey 1999, Acheson 1998, Chaturvedi 2004). This can be observed within the UK, as type 2 diabetes does not affect all social groups equally, it is more prevalent in people over 40, minority ethnic groups, and poor people (The National Service Framework (NSF) for Diabetes). Several studies have established people with type 2 diabetes living in deprive areas suffer higher morbidity and mortality rates than those in more affluent areas. (Roper et al 2001, Wilde et al 2008, Bachhmann 2003). However globally the links between deprivation and type 2 diabetes are less clear as there is less information available on diabetes and deprivation related outcomes. In conflict with the UK, studies in Finland, Italy and Ireland found no significant variations in different socioeconomic groups (Gnavi et al 2004, OConner 2006). Reasons which may have negated the impact on socioeconomic deprivation may have been due to differences such in the population studied, health care delivery or available treatments. Links between deprivation and type 2 diabetes appear evident in the locality of Derbyshire. All but three local areas in Derbyshire have a diabetes and obesity levels which are significantly worse than the England average (Derbyshire County Primary Care Trust (PCT) 2008). In Derbyshire there are clear significant variations in levels of deprivation, High Peak has very little deprivation, and yet Bolsover is in the 20 per cent most deprived areas in England, with thirty two per cent of people living in poverty and mortality and morbidity levels significantly worse than the England average (Bolsover District Financial Inclusion Strategy 2009). These worrying levels have triggered the Department of Health to declare Bolsover a Spearhead area for improvement (DH 2009, Derbyshire PCT 2008). Some steps have been taken in Bolsover to reduce morbidity and mortality rates by introducing healthy initiatives aimed at improving peoples life styles (Bolsover 2010). However, although morbidity and mortality rates have reduced over the last ten years they remain significantly higher than the England average (Bolsover District Financial Inclusion Strategy 2009). Derbyshire has a growing elderly population (Derbyshire PCT 2008). This together with proven links of levels of obesity rising with age would suggest a future increase in levels of diabetes. Diabetes is a national priority and Derbyshire has a higher than England average prevalence, but the local NHS strategy (2008) does not specify diabetes as a key priority. This may be a factor why Derbyshire is failing to meet its targets to reducing morbidity and mortality by ten per cent by 2010 in the poorest areas of Derbyshire (DH 2009). Frameworks and policies exist to give guidance on standards of care, improve the quality of life and life expectancy of people with diabetes and lessen the financial burden on health services. (Reference x2). In response to European influence the NHS plan (2000) set out guidance for modernising services, raising standards and moving towards patient centred care. Subsequently the NSF for Diabetes (2001) was published which outlines twelve standards of care aimed at delivering improved services and reducing inequalities over a ten year period with the ultimate vision of people suffering with diabetes receiving a world class service in the UK by 2013. This framework was followed by the NSF for Diabetes: Delivery Strategy (2003) which gives guidance on how the NSF for diabetes could be achieved. Frameworks are a useful outline for action and set out clear goals and targets, but do not address the social, economical and environmental causes of ill health or take account of available financial and staffing resources (Reference from book). The NSF for Diabetes (2001) appears to support this statement; other than retinal screening, no funding was initially made available to implement the twelve standards (Cavan 2005). The availability of this funding will have been significant in the achievement of one hundred per cent of people with diabetes now being offered this service (English National Screening Programme for Diabetic Retinopathy, 2009). It wasnt until 2004 the Quality Outcome Framework offered financial rewards to meet other targets within the NSF, for instance maintaining practiced based registers of people with diabetes, to enable primary care providers to provide proactive care (NHS 2004). Ten years on this framework is still credible and sets the gold standard of care for patients with diabetes in the UK (NICE 2000) which would seem to be an outstanding achievement. There have been significant improvements in caring for people with diabetes since it was published. However, it could be criticised that some standards are not enforceable until 2013 (NSF 2001). Numerous publications have followed the NSF for Diabetes (2001) in an attempt to give guidance for health professionals to follow (NICE 2004, NICE 2008, NICE 2009, RCN, NMC). These frameworks are not intended to work in isolation but collaborate with each other at different levels, whilst attempting to produce a quality health service (Reference). . The main reasons for the onset of diabetes and risk of further complications is due to suboptimal health relative behaviours which include little physical activity, high calorie intake and inadequacy to maintain good glucose control and it is said individuals with diabetes play a central role in determining their own health status (Clarke 2008 Reference 1). Whittaker (2004) concurs and says that much of the burden relating to care lies with individuals themselves. Patient education is seen as fundamental in the treatment of diabetes to ensure the best possible healthy outcomes for individuals (Alexander et al, 2006, Brooker Nicol 2003, Walsh, 2002). Standard 3 of the NSF for Diabetes (2001) clearly demonstrates a move away from medical care to encourage individuals to take responsibility for their own health but also places the onus on health care professionals to educate, support and empower people to enable them to effectively care for themselves. The recent Public Health Whitepap er (2010) endorses future healthcare services should focus on wellness rather than treating disease and supports empowering people to put some effort into staying well. It acknowledges healthcare services only contribute to one third of improvement made to life expectancy stating that a change in lifestyle and removing health inequalities contribute to the remaining two thirds. Giving people the skills, knowledge and tools to take control of their own health logical as people with diabetes spend an average of 3 hours per year with their healthcare professional and around 8700 hours managing themselves (Ref N3. For example there is much evidence concluding that maintaining blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible slows down the progression of long term complications and if patients can be empowered to take control of their diabetes, not only will it increase the individuals quality of life but also reduce the financial burden on the NHS. (Whittaker, 2004). (Ref: 4.1, 4.2). The Diabetes Year of Care programme (2008) has been developed to help healthcare professionals move away from a paternal approach to care planning to a more personalised approach for people with chronic long term conditions. This approach involves both healthcare professionals and patients working together to prioritise individual needs. Helmore (2009) agrees that a personalised approach to care planning which should be holistic and include the persons social circumstances, will empower patients to take a central role in their own healthcare and suggests that nurses and patients should work together to set goals the patient can work towards which would include self care and the services they will use. For example a depressed patient will not want to venture outside to exercise and comfort eating may cause them to gain weight. The priority in this case would be to deal with the patients depression. The nurse could then liaise with other community services and social care to resolve no n medical issues which would enable the patient to manage their weight and increase activities (Helmore 2009). Rollings (2010) believes nurses should take a lead role on behalf of the GP consortia as they are the ones best placed to identify the care requirements of patients with diabetes, they have experience in patient pathways and are able to co-ordinate local and professional services. The Department of Health (2010) has highlighted care planning as an area for improvement to ensure one hundred per cent of diabetic patients have individual care plans (DH 2010). Currently it is thought only sixty per of people with long-term conditions in England have an individual care plan (www.gp-patient.co.uk). Diabetes self-management education programmes (DSME) have been developed to educate and empower patients to take control of their own conditions by improving their knowledge and skills to enable them to make informed choices, self-manage and reduce any risk of complications. DSME also aims to help people to cope with physical and mental of living with diabetes (Ref 21 p 114. These programmes which should be age appropriate can be delivered to individuals or groups. (6 and 40 p 119 and 120). . (reference 7 p119). Programmes available include the Expert Patent Programme (EPP), its derivative X-PERT and Diabetes Education and Self-Management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND) which are available in all PCTs in the country. These programmes offer the necessary information and skills to people to enable them to manage their own diabetes care and they offer the opportunity for people with diabetes to share problems and solutions on concerns they may have with on everyday living (N9) . They encourage people to find their own solutions to issues such as diet, weight management and blood glucose control, enlisting the help of diabetes professionals if needed (N9). The literature suggests this will result in well educated, motivated and empowered patients and consistently supports patient education as crucial to effective diabetes care (use many refs). Much research has taken place on the effectiveness of DSME. Some of which suggests that patients who have not participated in DSME are four times more likely to encounter major diabetes complications compared to patients who have been involved in DSME (Reference).Other evidence suggests that it is not possible to establish whether patient education is effective at promoting self-management in the long term to reduce the effects of diabetes or the onset of complications and improve the patients quality of life (reference). From studies that have taken place, it is evident that although knowledge and skills are necessary they are not sufficient on their own to ensure good diabetes control. People require ongoing support to sustain the enable them to sustain self-management and therefore the longer period of time the course run the more likelihood people will remain empowered (Ref) The majority of people in the UK are offered some form diabetes education, the bulk of which is offered at the time of diagnosis. Also the style, length, content and structure of DSME vary. Very few education programmes have been evaluated; therefore it is not conclusive which intervention strategy is the most effective for improving the control of diabetes. The America Diabetes Association suggest that as people are individuals and different methods of education suit different people, there is no one best programme, but generally programmes which incorporate both psychosocial and behaviour strategies appear to have the best outcomes. However the Healthcare commission (2006) found people in England are not being offered adequate information about their condition to facilitate effective self-management. They reported just eleven per cent of respondents had attended an educational course on how to live with diabetes and disturbingly seventeen per cent of respondents did not even know whether they had type 1 or type 2 diabetes (Reference 2 p 119). The success of DSME is dependent many variants which include the patients individual characteristics, the context of their social environment, the extent of the disease, and the patients interface with the care and education provided. Overall there is a great deal of evidence to suggest DSME is the cornerstone in effective diabetes care (NSF 2001). It is recommended that DSME is delivered by a multi-disciplinary team together with a comprehensive care plan (reference 1). Experts agree that effective management of diabetes mellitus increases life expectancy and reduces the risk of complications (NICE Guidenance for the use of patient education models of diabetes Referece 1 p 119 Changing the health related behaviours of people with diabetes has been proved to be successful in reducing or even eradicating the risk of complications (reference). Many different health promotion models of exist which can help a patient to digest health promotion advise and want to change their health related behaviours (Kawachi 2002). Health promotion models are useful tools to assist with this process. The Stages of Change health promotion is a frequently used model for weight management as it identifies 6 stages of readiness to change which helps health professionals identify the intervention actions to recommend and support. Standard 3 has also ensured people with diabetes receive regular care (Hicks 2010), although Hillson (2009) would argue the quality of which is still open to debate. Every person with diabetes should receive the highest standards of individualised care, no matter who delivers it or where or when it is delivered. Access to specialist services should be available when required (Hillson 2009). Diabetes patients receive different standards of care depending on whether or not they can attend their doctors surgery (Knights and Platt 2005). Diabetes patients who are unable to attend the surgery are being overlooked and missed out on screening and reviews of their diabetes, consequently receiving a lower standard of care despite the NSF for Diabetes stating inequalities in provision of services should be addressed to ensure a high standard of care which meets individual patient needs.(Gadsky 1994 ,Hall 2005, Harris 2005,). Until recently the district nursing team were some of the few professionals who provided care in the home for diabetes patients and only usually had input with diabetes patients when treatment was required for a complication (Wrobel 2001). District nurses have historically been seen as generalists and able to provide care and treatment for patients with a wide range of conditions and therefore do not necessarily have specialist disease knowledge (Hale 2004). Sargant (2002) agree with this and suggests the quality and advise district nurses give to diabetic patients is questionable as they dont have the in-depth level of knowledge in relation to diabetes. In recognition of the inconsistency of care being provided to patients with chronic illnesses in their own homes, the role of Community Matron was introduced in 2004 to ensure patients with diabetes receive the first class service advocated by the Department of Health (1999) and the NHS PLAN (2000) by managing their all encompassing care requirements and help patients effectively manage their long term conditions which in theory should result in reduce hospital admissions. (NHS Improvement Plan 2004). However a study conducted by Gravelle et al (2006) would suggest the Community Matron role has not been effective in reducing hospital admissions. Forbes et al (2004) concurs that district nurses, given the time and with the right training could extend their roles and satisfactory undertake appropriate care for housebound people with diabetes. However Brookes (2002) suggests training and resources are big issues and Harris (2005) says that district nurses may not be fulfilling their Professional Code of Conduct by failing to care sufficiently for this group of patients (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008). The growing prevalence of diabetes and the drain on NHS resources continues to be a concern for the UK, in terms of life quality and life expectancy of patients. Many health inequalities exist for people with diabetes; there are proven links with obesity and deprivation; and diabetes care provided is not equal for all patients. Patients who are able to attend their GP surgery receive better care than those who are housebound, although this inequality is being addressed and care is improving. The NSF for Diabetes is a useful framework for healthcare professionals to follow when providing care for people with diabetes. The quality of diabetes care has improved since this framework has been introduced. However, the implementation of some recommendations has been slow and will not be complete until 2013. Patient education is paramount to successful diabetes control and there appears no doubt that the key to successfully slowing the onset of diabetes and the recognised associated complica tions is to engage patients in DSME.

Five Hundred Days Of Summer Analysis Film Studies Essay

Five Hundred Days Of Summer Analysis Film Studies Essay (500) Days of Summer (2009) is a creative approach to the romantic comedy genre. An unidentified male narrator  warns us early on that This is a story of boy meets girl. This is not a love story. The film is a story about love while it may or may not end the way we expect, its a more real, complicated, and a believable love story then any number of romantic comedies that we been exposed to.   Most movies usually tell us that true love is possible with whomever we choose if only we want it enough. Hollywood likes to distort reality and put most romantic entanglements into a happy ending with a cute bow on it, this movie brings us back to the reality. The film deceives the viewers to believe that the narrative will be from both protagonists perspectives: Tom and Summer.   In fact, it is told through its main protagonist Toms (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) perspective. The boy, Tom Hansen of Margate, New Jersey grew up believing that hed never truly be happy until the day he met the one. His belief originated from early exposure to sad British pop music and a total misinterpretation of the movie The Graduate. The girl, Summer Finn (Zooey Deschanel) of Shinnecock, Michigan did not share this belief since the collapse of her parents marriage. In referring to the main title the five hundred days is about how long Toms life is spent with a girl named Summer. This movie doesnt play out chronologically, but instead  jumps back and forth through time using flash back (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.48). In depicting the relationships struggles faced by Tom , (500) Days of Summer addresses the main theme dealing with those small but significant moments between two people and taking a risk at love when uncertainty remains. Moments that can make someone wonder if the other person was feeling the same thing or if it was only an illusion. This is a different kind of love story but, not told in a conventional way about how our romantic preconceptions can cloud relationships and tryi ng to understand the truth and nature of love. This film is a work of fiction. It has a formalist narrative structure told out of chronological order and relies on flash backs plus flash forwards with creativity in nearly every scene.   The Director frequently plays around with ideas from the visual to the aural.   The movie at beginning uses a split screen look at the main characters childhood growth before they cross paths somewhere in time in the future at a greeting card company. The use of narration made you want to see the two main characters live happily ever after. The film starts on day (290) with urgency using non-diegetic (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.212) music through cinematic images and sequences of a girl riding on a bike through the dark streets of LA arriving at a gated apartment to a visually heartbroken, plate smashing Tom. Tom retells his sister (Rachel) and friends about what has gone awry with his relationship with Summer. The clichà ©s of the younger know it all smart sister, giving him vodka to loosen up in order to open up and retell his story about Summer works. He starts from his recollection of the beginning and what happened. A montage of happy moments between Summer and Tom laughing, kissing, holding hands, hugging and buying music together. Summer suggests they should stop seeing each other in a diner setting which is a clichà © moment and this scene visually reminded me of when Harry met Sally. The mise en scene of his apartment reflects an educated, middle class, cultured person who enjoys reading and music. Another clichà © moment is reference to Sid and Nancy Sid Vicious stabbed Nancy seven times with a kitchen knife. They have some disagreements but he hardly thinks he is Sid Vicious. She replies No. Im Sid. Summer says the words that is death to all guys Youre still my best friend! We visually see Tom moving in slow motion after Summer says the word friend It is like the bottom drops out emotionally for Tom. This movie is filled with more clichà ©s like theres plent y of other fish in the sea or a recurring theme in many romances I dont want to get over her. I want to get her back. The unseen narrator states There are only two kinds of people in the world. There are women and there are men. He is reminding us of the differences between the genders. There are black and white images of a scene of shots or descriptive play by play on Summer Finn. The director tells the story using his stylistic choices and including gimmicks from sketchbook-like transitions to an impromptu dance number and the Bergman inspired black and white film montage. A significant visual scene is shown, after Tom has sex for the first time with Summer. This scene represents his feelings of being in love, people smiling, life is wonderful, Tom checks out his reflection in a car window at the peak of his happiness and sees Hans Solo wink at him. The scene continues with the fountain exploding while the music is diegetic, the song by Hall Oates ballad You Make My Dreams Come True is heard and ending with a dance number reminiscent of Ferris Buellers day off. The music selections are inspiring, reflective and the slow motion bits add to the nostalgic mood. The pure range of ideas keeps audiences not only eagerly interested in what is to come next but for the most part benefits the plotline.   The creative vision gives the ordinary story a life of its own with very real feelings. Many viewers, who have experienced an important relationship, will be surprised in at least one unique way the film tackles its themes. (500) Days of Summer left a uplifting message about putting yourself out there and taking the risks and the hardships that go with them is the only way to find happiness. A defining moment scene in (500) Days of Summer occurs day (259) when Tom defends his relationship with Summer at a bar and hits the stranger. Tom and Summer (alternating close-up shots between two characters) come back to her apartment where they break-up, the scene ends with a high angle shot of Tom running down a spiraling staircase. His life seems to be spiraling out of control. Summer eventually comes back to him. We see homage to Annie Hall in an art gallery. There is a black and white neo-realist or film noir of suffering in the shot of Tom consoling himself at a movie theatre. Day (154) The officially in love with Summer scene in extreme close-ups of Summers body parts hearing shes like the wind by Patrick Swayze and the contrary scene I hate Summer, same shots as the love ones but dialogue is expresses the distaste for everything he liked about her teeth, smile, hair style, knees and her birth mark, not to mention he now hates the song shes like the wind by Patrick Swayze. The greatest use of imagery or editing is the split screen shot of expectations and reality a fantastic use of parallel editing (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.186) plus the non-diegetic sound he runs down the spiraling staircase from high angle to low angle shot into the streets with a sketch drawing of his world fading away and he is standing alone. Day (450) Toms sister says she is not the one, your just remembering the good stuff next time you look back at the relationship you should give it a better look. Tom is inspired to move forward after the end of his relationship with Summer and starts drawing again. We see close-up sketching of linear buildings drawn on a blackboard in his apartment, next a sketch pad and jarring movements in fast motion. There are a lot of fast pace, movement scenes of the world around him. Next, we switch to a parallel/split screen scene with Tom on a bus expressionless and the other parallel screen of Summer smiling in the process of getting married. Anothe r important scene is where Tom has closure with Summer at his favourite park bench scene, this is a medium two shot. Summer reveals she was never sure of love with Tom. Tom realizes love does not ever make sense. The final scene in (500) Days of Summer is completed by answering the question fate does exist and there is the one or soul mate out there and you will never know when it happens. The final scene first shows a shot from a birds eye view (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.72) inside a building with the narrator remarking most days of the year are unremarkable they begin and they end. Tom sits on a chair in personal proxemic pattern (Giannetti Leach 2008, p.126) from a female interviewing for the same job. They both reply to each other I hope you dont get the job in a medium shot. They then share a laugh. Tom appears to have a revelation coincidence or fate his pessimistic view is transformed upon meeting Autumn. Tom looks into the camera in a way to acknowledging us as an audience that he might be wrong and still believe in fate or the one. In conclusion, the energetic art style and architectural look at the scenery of Los Angeles adds to overall ambience of the environments and characters in each scene. The story telling is in one way conventional, about a boy meets girl love story. Tom (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) meets Summer (Zooey Deschanel), they fall in love, break up, maybe get back together, and then ends abruptly. The film is also unconventional in an indie sort of way. The storytelling is not chronological; there are unexpected camera angles, clever editing, split screens, variety of eclectic songs and combination of references throughout the film like The Graduate. Its a film that embraces love among the ruins of a modern society. (500) Days of Summer is about how our romantic preconceptions can alter our understanding of relationships and trying to understand the true nature of love is not something we can truly define. This is not a love story. This is a story about love.

Essay --

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSESSMENT OF CNR 9 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM COURSE IN ROYAL SIGNAL REGIMENT INTRODUCTION 1. Military organization was the unique entity which is self-contained organization with the complete equipment’s for their vision and mission. For the purpose of the training and operation, one of essential part was the communication system. The communication system which belongs to any organization will become their core competencies once they are valuable, costly to imitate, rare and non-substitutable. Communication system provides the ability to mass combat power. It is a way of architecting a battle or a campaign. It is a calculated to create possibilities for future force utilization. Effective communications determines how, when and where the force fight in a theater, where and when combat power can be massed. â€Å"Without the communication I only can command my table† is an expression attributed by Mc Arthur. Most importantly, the effectiveness of communication at the operational level is a part of the concept of operations. 2. As indicated in the Army Transformation Plan 2012, communication plays an important and significant role in ensuring that the army shall be a credible and versatile objective force that will be able to operate in a multi spectrum environment. CNR 9 communication system was procured last 6 year into the army inventory. More than 6000 radio set been purchased and it is consisting of HF(High Frequency) and VHF(Very High Frequency) which is fully digitized. The HF radio also known as SKY FAST and FAST NET for the VHF. The company that delivered the systems is Sapura Sdn Bhd which a local company and Thales, France is responsible to produce the product inclusive the training toward the users. Thales... ... assigned to take charge in conducting, distributing and collecting back the questionnaires. Besides that, secondary data was also collected through interviews with key management personnel of IKED as well as the SAPURA Sdn Bhd. Some information also gathered from magazines, academic journals, published books and internet sources in the area of radio communication courses and syllabus. DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 20. For the purpose of this research, the data obtained is analyzed using the â€Å"Statistical Package for Social Science† SPSS version 22.0 software. The techniques of data analysis consist of descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis covers analysis on the frequency of the respondents’ respond and the interaction relationship between independent and dependent variable in this research; whereas, inferential analysis includes t-test and ANOVA.

Personal Narrative Adults Negative View of Teenagers :: Papers

Personal Narrative Adult's Negative View of Teenagers There is a significant difference of opinion about teenagers today that comes from teenagers themselves and the adult population. A good majority of the young people today view themselves as relatively responsible people. A lot of them are inquisitive and are eager to learn new things. Many are committed to a drug-free lifestyle, and there are a lot of students who achieve very high grades. Most adults' view on teen behavior is very different. Of course, there is a percentage of youth that is very immature, lazy, unorganized, disrespectful, and careless, etc. (The list could go on and on.); but, unfortunately, it is the bad qualities that stay in the minds of many adults and elders. There are few teenagers today who will openly admit to their bad habits or behaviors. Maybe they can’t keep a clean room, or maybe they have a very difficult time remembering to do their homework every night. It may even be possible for them to spel things inkirectly. I am a strong believer in the fact that doing your best is all that matters, yet teens must also be aware of the fact that â€Å"good enough† isn’t. Everyone makes mistakes, but you’re judged many times on how few mistakes you actually make. I’m sure that nobody would go to a job interview ready to tell the boss of the company: â€Å"Well, let’s face it. I’m not very productive, and I rather be watching The Simpsons right now.† Who really is willing to tell someone about his or her personal flaws? In reality, it takes someone to offer a â€Å"wake up call† sometimes to make us aware of when we’re not doing something correctly. Today’s teens need to be criticized, but they also need to be encouraged when they are doing something right as well. They need to be told when they could be a little more responsible, and they could use some advice occasionally on how to manage their time. Equally as important, I think a teenager needs to be told when they solve a problem correctly or produce an excellent piece of work. Encouragement will only bring about repetition; and, maybe after being told that they’ve done something right, today’s teens will be able to much more easily say: â€Å"I’m responsible.† It is disappointing to come across such an abyss between the viewpoints of elders and teenagers on teen habits.

Jai Ho

Assignment: Inverted Index October 19, 2012 1 Introduction Today, top search engines like Google and Yahoo use a data structure called Inverted Index for their matching of queries to the documents and give users the relevant documents according to their rank. Inverted Index is basically a mapping from a word to its position of occurence in the document. Since a word may appear more than once in the document, storing all the positions and the frequency of a word in the document gives an idea of relevance of this document for a particular word.If such an inverted index is build up for each document in the collection, then when a query is ? red, a search can be done for the query in these indexes and ranking is obtained according to the frequency. Mathematically, an inverted index for a document D and strings s1 , s2 , †¦ , sn is of the form s1 ? > a1 , a1 , †¦ 1 2 s2 ? > a2 , a2 , †¦ 1 2 . . . sn ? > an , an , †¦ 2 1 where ak denotes the lth position of k th word in the document D. l To build up this kind of data structure e? iently, Tries are used. Tries are a good data structure for strings as searching becomes very simple here with every leaf node describing one word. To build up an inverted index given a set of documents using trie, following steps are followed †¢ Traverse one document and insert words into a trie. As a leaf node is reached, assign it a number (in increasing order) representing its location in the index (staring from 0). Add the position of this word into the index. Now for a word which occur more than once in the document, when attempt for second insertion into the trie is made, a leaf node already containing that word would be found and its value would tell the location in the index. So simply go to this index and add another position for this word. †¢ Do this till end of document is reached. Now, you have a trie and an inverted index for the ? rst document. †¢ Repeat this procedure for the rest of the doc uments. 1 Now follow the below steps to search for a word from the inverted indexes and tries of all the documents †¢ For every document, ? st search for the word in the corresponding trie and get its location in the inverted index of that document. †¢ Then traverse through all the positions and see which document has most frequency and arrange the documents accordingly (in decreasing order). Also, in every document there are special words called â€Å"anchor texts† which have more importance than a normal text word. For example – a download link. So for the same word, its occurence as an anchor text increases the relevance of that document over its normal occurence. 2 Problem StatementFor this assignment, you need to create an inverted index for a collection C of documents from 1 to n. Every document will be a plain text ? le with ? rst line storing its id from 1 to n and next few lines containing space or new line separated words. The index should be an arr ay of lists with size of array equal to total number of distinct words in the array and the list for each word contains the locations of the word in the document. The trie used for this construction can be represented in any form (array/linked list/trees etc. ).So you would have n such tries and inverted indexes. Then you should ask user for the queries (single-word) and give the order of documents in decreasing order of relevance. For our case, the anchor texts are represented by following the word with a ?. So if you have something like – â€Å"Rats fear cats and cats* fear dogs. † then here 1st cat is a normal word whereas 2nd cat is an anchor text. So now your array size will be 2 ? totalnumberof distinctwords in the document as you would store positions of normal text and anchor text separately for a given word.And now relevance should ? rst be decided by the frequency of anchor texts and within them collision should be resolved by frequency of normal text. D1 D2 D3 1 it is what it is 2 what is it 3 it is a banana Below are the corresponding tries and inverted indexes for the 3 documents (? gure 1). 2 Figure 1: Trie and Inverted Index for Documents 1, 2 and 3 Now if query is â€Å"it† – then search in 1st index gives – 0, 3(f req = 2), 2nd index gives 2(f req = 1) and 3rd one gives 0(f req = 1).So, our output is – 1, 2, 3or1, 3, 2 (as document 2 and 3 have equal relevance). NOTE †¢ The names of the data ? les should be taken from command line. After 3 building the inverted index, you should ask for query again from command prompt and also give an option of quitting any time the user want. †¢ The inverted indexes should be written to ? les named as â€Å"1†¦ n. txt† with each line corresponding to one word in the document. †¢ You can ignore case-sensitive words i. e. , Cat and cat are same. †¢ Also ignore symbols in the text (if any) like . ,-? 4

Financial Statement Analysis of Bata Pakistan from 2005-2010

Running head pecuniary avowal psychoanalysis of Bata Pakistan Bata Pakistan Financial program mental strain analytic thinking From 2005 to 2010 Anum Fatima BSc. IV Section B Lahore School of sparings This report is submitted as partial requisite for Financial nominatement Analysis of Pakistani Companies to Dr Farooq Chaudhry Abstract This authorship does an in skill analytic thinking of Bata Pakistan Limited. It includes a brief heavy heap of accounting policies and standards of the teleph peer slightr. The epitome revolves almost pecuniary dictations, their horizontal and upright analysis.It excessively includes a detailed analysis of several(predicate) mo exone browseary symmetrys to metre various aspects of the societys capital punishment. Weighted bonnie make up of dandy is calculated on the posterior of which intrinsic treasure of the comport is calculated. It e rattlingplacely includes analysis of frugalal repute added and Du Pont. Introd uction Bata Pakistan is a public especial(a) familiarity and it is listed on Lahore and Karachi phone roue ex lick. The master(prenominal) office of the comp each is at Batapur, Lahore. This participation manufactures solely kinds of footwear with accessories sells them at its leaven uplets.Sales argon both local anesthetic and export The cite ac sla betokenship is Bafin B. V. , cabbageherlands whereas above it is Compass Limited, Bermuda. The fiscal data disclosed in the one- course report has been prepargond in conformation with IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) stated by International Accounting Standards Board. These standards ar utilise on a press down floor the Companies Ordinance of 1984. The confede symmetryn make nigh am balancements to account standards some of them atomic take 18 utile whereas some of them will be effective in the near future.According the orders opinion, these amendments didnt birth a solid effect on their fis cal statements. The mo electronic brightenworkary statements fol baseborn the principle of historical apostrophize kinda than the fair jimmy concept draw out some employee arrive ats whose in brass information will be discussed later. All statements debar the statement of coin f misfortunate ar recorded at accrual founding. laterward giving a brief summary of accounting policies thither is an in depth analysis of beau mondes financial statements, alliances valuation and and so recommendations based on that analysis. Accounting PoliciesEmployee benefits argon calculated through the define benefit excogitation. A defined benefit plan sanctioned eachy feigns a de lineined get of gratuity dependent on m e reallywheres wish age, age of helping, compensation etc. the lodge has an un downslope certificateed gratuity scheme for alone employee excepting management. The grooming for employees which argon in like manner the out evolution of provident p arnt age is calculated on the basis on 3 weeks basic salary for e real year of service whereas for employees which be non the members of the provident fund it is calculated on the basis of 30 geezerhood coarse advancedest salaries/wages.The actuarial assoils and losings argon know as per defined in IAS 19 everyplace the evaluate in permissivenessediate remaining operative livelihood of the employee. The conjunction to a fault ope judge provident fund scheme in which equal period of timeic contri thoions by the comp whatsoever and the employee at the pastures of 8% and 10% be do to the employee and managerial staff respectively. The ac recognitioned parturiency appraise is calculated on the appraise r plainue revenue income subject income from local vernacular gross deals events at the present tax rove after accounting for the tax attri howevere, rebates or exemptions if any. Deferred tax is calculated by yield pro fate winding-clothes financi al duty order for all temporary digressions amid tax bases of additions and liabilities.The carrying make sense of deferred income tax summation is revised at each match opinion poll date. Deferred tax additions and liabilities be mensurable at the tax marks that be expected to apply to the period when the arrangement is calculated on the basis of tax localises applicable on the balance sheet dates. Revenues, expenditures and assets be recognised enlighten of gross gross revenue except when bargains tax is accept as part of approach of acquisition of asset and when receivables and manufactureables include the hail of tax. Property full treatment and equipment ar describe at mo clearary value minus dispraise and balk all everyplacetakinges which atomic number 18 hoard just land is stated at equal.The method apply to calculate derogation is the reducing balance method. Recognized expenditures, related to to an item of property whole kit and boodl e and equipment, are added to the carrying core of asset when future stinting benefits are expected. To measure the impairment of non financial assets, at each balance sheet date the carrying add together of assets id revised to damp for any impairment issue. If such is the character reference wherefore rec all overable essence of the asset is calculated. Recoverable amount is broad(prenominal)er of an assets fair value less(prenominal) appeal to sell and value in use.The smart sets rubber factory represents assets that are leased out downstairs the in operation(p) lease and that has been leased out to a third party for touch on products and is included in the fixed assets of the f localisernity. Their dispraise is calculated in the equal agency as done for the other assets. nonphysical assets are calculated on theater recognition at constitute. aft(prenominal) that they are carried at cost minus any amortization and impairment losses that are accumulated. If such assets necessitate finite lives wherefore they are amortized over that life and assessed for impairment if any. The amortization mechanism is reviewed at to the lowest degree once every financial year.This expense is recognized in the income statement. Gain and loss from intangible assets are measures as the divagation amidst net disposal home overture and carrying amount of asset and recognized in the expediency and loss account. The enthronizations of the caller produce fixed maturity and the social club intends to birth money box maturity. These enthronisations are first recognized at cost including death penalty cost and past carried at the amortized cost. Stores and spares which are purchased are de nameine at weighted fair(a) cost whereas in deportation stores and spares are treasured at actual costs.Stock in interchange is precious at lower of cost and net realizable value. keen materials that is own payoff and purchased are valued at weighte d bonny cost whereas in transit are valued at actual cost. Work in progress is valued at the production cost. Finished penny-pinchings that own production are valued at production cost on first in first out basis, purchased are valued at actual cost on first in first out basis whereas in transit are valued at the actual cost. Cost is calculated on the basis of cost of material, labor and production overheads. gain realizable value is based on aimd selling price minus themed cost to completion and estimated cost to make sale.Provision for dubitable debts and other receivables are decided by managements assessment of clients creditworthiness. It is recognized in the utility and loss account. Contingencies and commitments are to a fault important. dependent on(p) liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation from the olden collectible to any future event not within control of the company or when there is a present obligation from the past events however the am ount of that obligation batchnot be measured in a reliable manner. Borrowes are recognized at fair value net of transaction costs wherefore they are carried at amortized cost.Any difference between proceeds and repurchase value is recognized in the P and L account using effective spare- era activity rate method. Provisions are recognized when there is an obligation from past events and it can be estimated in a reliable manner. This amount is the best estimate while taking into account the lucks. When the amount required settling a provision is expected to be recovered from a third party indeed a receivable is recognized if it is certain and estimate is reliable. Revenue recognition is done as stated below. The revenue from wholesale is recognized when company has delivered the product to the wholesaler.Retail sales are recognized when product is change to the client by immediate payment or by credit. Customer loyalty card sales are recognized as revenue over the period that th e award credits are redeemed. return on investment is recognized on accrual basis by using effective interest method. Profit on rim deposits is recognized on accrual basis whereas term of a contract income is recognized on accrual basis over the du balancen of lease agreement. funds and ex pitch equivalents include silver in hand, deposits with brinks, other short term investments with pilot film maturities of three months or less and chamfer drafts.In funds flow statement, it is notes in hand silver in transit, bank balances and short term investments. Recognition and touchstone of financial instruments is done at multiplication when company enters the contract. Al financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value. study categories of assets are investments, advances, deposits, trade debts, other receivables and notes and bank balances. Financial liabilities are creditors, accrue expense and other payables. Any coiffe or loss is recognized in the P and L account for the period.Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities is done and the net amount is account in the balance sheet if the company has a legal right to set off. Corresponding income and charge are similarly off set. The amount of loss is the difference between assets carrying amount and present value of the estimated future specie flows discounted at effective interest rate. relate party transactions are conducted at arms length adept as with the third party using comparable uncontrolled price method whereas related parties are those who are able to influence the operate and financial ends of the company.Dividends and other appropriations to reserves are recognized when these are approved. Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the interior(a) reporting. Board of Directors is the chief operational decision maker that makes strategic decisions. Significant changes discovered during the 6 year period under conside proportionalityn are discus sed below. In 2006, stores and spares and lineage certificate trade didnt use FIFO or LIFO, rather purchased units were valued at lower of moving check cost and net realizable value. In 2007 aforementioned(prenominal) method was use whereas in 2008 FIFO was used for similar valuation of blood line.This change of method has been effective since. When this method was used there was a remarkable join on in the amount of blood in trade as well as cost of sales and gross bread from the foregoing age. Other than that no momentous insurance changes are observed except some minor changes in standards which correspond to the companys opinion had no meaningful effect on financial statements, Analysis of Financial Statements First of all we will be analyzing the financial statements indirectly through financial proportions divided in feasible groups. Liquidity RatiosThe working capital of the company has shown red-blooded emersion over the year. works capital is useful in evalu ating companys competency to collect flow rately maturing liabilities. The working capital of the company is not only when unconditional barely it is growing at an comely rate of 44. 46%. It also actor that flow assets are growing at a rate faster than on-going liabilities. Working capital took a jump in 2007 which proved to be a favored year for the company due to indulgent frugal conditions and the company used this chance in an efficient manner to gain from the situation.This shows that circulating(prenominal) assets are always in access of legitimate liabilities which is a wakeless indicant. Comparing working capital with the constancy is not very useful because it depends on the size of it of it and scope of the company. The electric menses dimension is fundamentally another way of expressing the birth between latest liabilities and current assets. borderline it should be equal to 1 signification that current liabilities are exactly matched with cur rent liabilities. The company is covering nigh operation in this regards as the current proportion is recollectiveer than 1 and change magnitude steadily over the geezerhood from 1. 1 in 2006 to reach 2. 66 in 2010. This again points to the fact that current assets are cover version current liabilities effectively. lineage and accounts receivables are forming study part of current assets. It s bank cadaver to be seen that whether this proceeds in current assets is solely due to change magnitude accounts receivables and neckcloth and then whether accounts receivables are being store of blood line being change in time. The current ratio was a gnomish behind the persistence mean(a)s in 2006 hardly it soon caught up and is growing side by side the manufacturing fairs.Quick ratio is calculated by excluding memorandum from current assets as they are considered to be to the lowest degree liquid assets. It is a better measure of fluidness. Quick ratio shows a noteworthy lour from current ratio owing to the fact that inventory is a study(ip) part of the current assets. It caught u with the labor comely in 2009 when it went from 0. 51 to 1. 15. This also points to the fact that low quick ratio is not an index of less liquidity rather it points to the nature of the business and its habituation on inventory because it is in line with application totals.Collection period measures the length of time after which the company expects to realize specie from its accounts receivables. Company has alter from 2006 to 2010 remarkably. In 2006 it was 30 days which reduced to 11 days in 2010. A study change was in 2007 as collection period aviate by 10 days. They caught up with patience averages in 2009 which is 10 days. It shows that companys accounts receivables are enforceable and not resulting in defaults. Days to Sell scrutinize is the length of time after which company realizes sales from its inventory.They fool improved from 2006 t o 2010, move from 131 to 101. They are in line with industry averages of 113 days. Major improvement was again seen in 2007 when days fell from 131 to 116. This is a trustworthy achievement as inventory has cast up over time. Looking at all these indicators there isnt any cause of concern for the company in damage of liquidity. Capital Structure and Solvency Ratios Solvency means the ability of the firm to meet its enormous term obligations which also involves analysis of capital social organisation of the company that is the debt and virtue mix.The debt to paleness ratio of 0. 52 means that for each one rupee of fair play, 0. 52 is provided by creditors. This ratio is very low present extravagantly percentage of equity. This is in line with industry average and has diminish over the 5 year period. This ratio should be typically low for a manufacturing company which is the gaucherie for Bata. This means that the company is in smashing target to meet its long term obli gations. The long term debt to equity ratio is even lower meaning the company is relying very little on long term debt. it is less than 1 and minifys from 0. 13 to 0. 05.It has shown a refined decrease over the years and is in line with the industry averages. Times Interest Earned measures the multiplication for which the amount of interest can be paid out of income before tax. This ratio was low in 2006 yet it come up from 8 to 24 times in 2007 which is a big improvement. later on that it came in line with industry average of 29 times. This also points to the fact that the interest charges of the company are very low and are only less than 1% of native sales. These set of ratio indicate that the debt equity mix of the company is competent. Less trustingness on debt means lower risk of default.So the company is in a great position to manage its long term liabilities which are meager in measuring as compared to equity. cash in ones chips on investing Ratios Return on asset s gear ups the amount of call back when 1 Rupee is invested in assets. In 2006 it was 18. 18% which later rosaceous crisply in 2007 to 34. 79% and kept up(p) the position cashbox 2010 with cold-shoulder sportsmans. industriousness average has been pretty higher(prenominal) that is 35% moreover in any case the performance of companys assets is a satisfactory and generating right-hand(a) communicate. Another side is the return on public equity because divisionholders are interested in the returns on equity.Return on equity shows the comparable pattern as return on assets. It was 16. 66% in 2006, roseate sharply to 43% in 2007 and then kept up(p) becalm levels until 37% in 2010. Industry average has been well-nigh 36% so company is earning erect returns as per industry. Operating Performances This set of ratio link income statement line items with sales. These essentially measures service bounds in distinct forms. egregious unsloped measures the relationship of cost and sales. glaring meshing margin has arrested a steady well and plus from 37% in 2006 to 41% in 2007. The public impact of 2007 collar is not very much apparent here. indeed it kept up(p) a steady level till 2010 of 40%. This is in line with industry average of 41%. Industry averages also doesnt show much variation over the 5 years. Operating utility margin was initially 9% in 2006 hardly improved to 14% in 2007 and prolonged the level till 2010. Industry average has remained much than or less some 14% so compared to the industry company is doing fine and generating good returns. Net moolah margin was 3. 67% just improved greatly in 2007 to 9. 05%. It has improved to 10. 46% in 2010. The industry average is more or less 9% according to which net shekels margin of the company is satisfactory.Overall direct performance shows a good picture. Asset role Ratios Asset utilization relates sales to different assets and their importance lies in the fact that they are important determinants of return on investment. bullion Turnover is the firms competency in its use of cash for propagation of sales revenue. This ratio shows a erratic cut. The value in 2006 is 36 fell to 16 in 2007, rose to 57. 4 in 2008 and then maintained 13% to 15% from 2009 to 2010. This can be explained by rather volatile cash and bank balances portraying varying liquidity requirement each year.Accounts receivable perturbation is an indicator of how many times company has pile up its receivables in a year. This has development steadily from 2006 to 2008 and shows a sharp rise in 2009 due to high sales and 31 in 2010. This is almost in line with industry average which is 35. this shows that the company is not having any significant business in receivable collection. Inventory turnover is steady over the years from 2. 74 to 3. 56 in 2010. It shows that how many times inventory is sold during the year. This is in line with industry average.It may seem quite low bu t seasonality has a big factor in shoe business as business peaks when season changes but after that it slackens until the undermentioned change. Working capital turnover is high in 2006 and 2007 but falls in 2008 till 2010. Still they isnt any significant difference between industry average and the companys average. Property Plant and equipment turnover maintains a steady result profile from 9. 72 in 2006 to 13. 73 in 2010. Industry average is also steady almost 12 so that show good results. hit asset turnover varies around 2 but is steady equal as the industry average. Market Measures bell to moolah ratio shows that how much investor is willing to pay per rupee of the profit. It was 8. 90 in 2006 but rose to 10. 23 in 2007, rose steadily in 2008 and 2009 and rose to 17% in 2010. This enlarge is attributed both to addition trade luck price and go up profit per share. This too is more or less around industry average and rose above industry average in 2010. Earnings yi eld is the reciprocative of price to earnings. It shows the percentage of each rupee invested in stock that was earned by the company. They dipped in 2007 to 2009 but then rose above industry average in 2010.Dividend yield shows how much a company pays in dividends relative to its share price. Dividend yield is not steady but 4. 24% in 2010. This means that the dividends are not stable but they are show out ontogenesis rather than decline and has risen importantly from Rs1. 50 per share in 2004 to Rs 12 per share in 2009. Dividend Payout Rate basically shows the percentage of earnings paid to the shareholders. This ratio is quite high supporting the same growth in dividends. This ratio join on considerably to 27% in 2006 but then EPS rose significantly because of which the ratio fell to 10%.This is also in line with industry average of around 10%. Price to book value of the share has change magnitude over time significantly sign high growth in the foodstuff value of the stoc k. save if we look at industry average they are also quite high exhibit the edit out in the industry of change magnitude stock prices. Overall the companys stock is do well in the market and also its dividend policy is investor friendly and ensures high and stable returns as compared to the industry in which dividends are not very common and that too every year. Bata also gave slowdown dividends in 2006 in addition to the general annual dividends.Du Pont Analysis Return on common equity is disaggregated into its component to have a better look at what drives this return on common equity. Return on common equity was 13. 57% in 2005 then change magnitude sharply in 2007 to 42. 94% then locomote to 39%, 34% and 37% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. The good economic conditions in 2007 were expeditiously utilized by the company. It is disaggregated in profit margin, asset turnover and leverage. Profit margin is basically net income divided by sales or net income as a percenta ge of sales. It measures how much a company keeps out of sales revenue as earnings.Both net income and sales of the company has add over time. The ratio increased significantly in 2007 and after that maintained same level of around 9% which rose to 10% in 2010. then(prenominal) sales divided by average assets shows a steady apparent movement over the years which show companys ability to generate revenues from investment. This means that the growth of sales and although higher than growth in assets but still the increase is more or less proportionate. Average assets over equity fall in 2007 and then maintain same level till 2010. It tells how much assets are owned by the company and how much are leveraged.A low ratio indicates that the company is strong and relies more heavily on equity rather than debt. So we can take that Net income over sales or profit margins are driving the return on common equity. This points towards the strength of the company that is a stable growth in sa les and also a stable growth in net income that is ensuring good returns to the shareholders. greenness size match Sheet public size balance sheet means all components of balance sheets as a percentage of fundamental assets. We will outset with the analysis of current assets. In this company current assets form a major(ip) part of the aggregate assets.In 2005, they were 74. 66% of bestow assets, varied slenderly till 2008, increased to 78. 68% in 2009 and then 82. 82% in 2010. This is a good sign but it can be an indicator of deficient investment in long term assets or property plant and equipment. In current assets, inventory and accounts receivables form the major component of total assets. Inventory was 44. 45% in 2005, increased to 50% in 2006, fall to 41% in 2007, increased to 55. 97% in 2008 then started to decline till 36. 56% in 2010. Stock in trade and stores and spares determine total amount of inventory.High value of inventory may be inherent to this guinea pig o f business as seasonal changes begin sales and hence inventory to sale out but in any case high inventory are required to be maintained. Next major component is account receivables or trade debt which shows the good credit policy of the company as receivables have significantly decreased over the years from 23. 27% in 2005 to 0. 53% in 2010 indicating majority of sales are in cash that solves many problems. A steady level of cash is being maintained showing slight dips in 2005, 2006 and 2008. bills is 13% of total assets in 2010.This shows that liquidity position is very strong but it can also means that company may be holding idle cash that can be invested somewhere to generate returns. Non Current assets form a gloomy portion of total assets which means that the company is not very ambitious and doesnt involve in expansionary operations. In 2005 they were 25% of total assets whereas they have fallen to 17. 18% in 2010. in long term assets only property plant and equipment notew orthy and embody almost all back(prenominal) assets. They have declined in conjunction with total noncurrent assets. radical equity as percentage of total equity and liabilities has increased over the years. In 2005 it was 45. 278%, showed a slightly downward trend in 2006 and 2007 but rises from 63% to 65% from 2008 to 2010. It shows that company is using more equity financial support as compared to debt financing. Even in debt financing, current liabilities form a higher percentage of total liabilities and equity. It was 48% in 2005, showed a significant decrease in 2008 and then 31% in 2010. It shows that the even in liabilities the company prefers to finance its assets with current liabilities and trade payables in current liabilities.Provision for revenue enhancement has shown significant increase from 0. 24% IN 2005 to 7. 47% in 2010. The major increase was from 2009 to 2010. Noncurrent liabilities form a picayune portion of total liabilities and equity. It was 6. 47% in 2005 and decreased to 3. 23% in 2010. This also indicates that the company is matching its current and noncurrent assets with current and noncurrent liabilities so that there is no liquidity or solvency problem. greenness size balance sheet shows good financial health of the company. Common size Income Statement Analysis Common size income statement measures all income statement components as a percentage of net sales.Cost of goods sold is a major component of net sales but it hasnt increased significantly over time showing company is employing good cost minimisation measures. It was 63% in 2006 then decreased till 57. 62% in 2008 then increased slightly to 60% in 2010. Managing costs is not creating problems for the country. Gross profit as a percentage of sales the opposite trend of cost increases till 2008 then falls to 40% in 2010. This is a reasonable percentage of gross profit. Interest expense of the company is very low so there ashes a bigger chunk for the shareholders.Nex t major component is operating expenses which is the only significant expense due to the requirement of maintain international standard outlets throughout the company and hiring specialized staff. But operating expenses has shown decrease over time from 29% in 2005 to 24. 80% in 2010 with slight variation in between. Profit before revenue enhancement has shown good improvement over time. It increased from 5. 05% in 2005 to 14. 27% in 2010 with a steady increase over the year. Profit after tax income has increased over the years which is also a good sign. It was 3. 03% in 2005.There was a significant increase in 2007 due to prospering economic conditions and then that level was maintained with slight increases over the years finally 10. 46% in 2010. Common size income statement shows that the companys profit and loss account is in good health. Balance Sheet Horizontal Analysis (Year over Year Analysis) This analysis is useful in tracking the trends of different components of balanc e sheet over the years and then crush those trends. Starting with current assets, from 2005 to 2006 current assets showed a slight decrease of 0. 51%.Within current assets the major assets of the company that is account receivables and inventory decreased by large percentages whereas cash and loans showed increases. This fall in current assets may not be harmful as it may pertain to inventory sale out or realization of accounts receivables. After that there is a consistent change magnitude trend. From 2006 to 2007, current assets increased by 37. 87% because all major assets showed increase. They dipped slightly from 2007 to 2008 but gained paced later. From 2009 to 2010 they increased by 43. 58% with different components showings different at variance(p) trends.Noncurrent assets increased from 2005 to 2006 by 15. 82% and kept increasing each year at an increasing rate. The trend was broken in 2008 to 2009 when the increase was only 4. 49%. Property plant and equipment shows an i ncreasing trend till 2008. After that they are increasing but at a much lower rate. Largest increase was in 2007 to 2008 of 33% indicating expansionary phase of the company. Total equity is increasing over the years at an increasing rate. From 2005-2006 it increased by 12. 84% but in the next year it increased by 39. 49% and showing a major increase from 2008 to 2009 of 47. 5%. This is a easy trend showing that the shareholders are putting n more and more equity and less and less debt. Current liabilities show an inconsistent trend sometime decreasing and some time decreasing. Only significant current liabilities are provisions for tax income which show significant increases over the year. Noncurrent liabilities show an increasing trend over the years but by a small amount. The overall trend is inconsistent but not un gilt. Income Statement Horizontal Analysis (Year over Year Analysis) Net sales show a reasonable trend.From 2005 to 2006 net sales increased by 17. 54% but the rate a lmost reprise next year when net sales increased by 32. 60% as compared to previous year. This again is the result of boom year of 2007. The rate fell to 29% next year but maintained its pace. This shows that growth of sales is healthy. Cost of goods sold increases at same rate over the years as the net sales with a slight variation. Gross profit has peaked from 2006 to 2007 at an increase of 47% and then the rate normalizes. The achievement of the company lies in the fact that gross profits have increased steadily over the years.The next important item is the operating expenses that increased over the years but the company managed to decrease the rate from 28. 09% to 16. 04 in 2009 to 2010. Operating profits have shown positive increase from year over year. From 2006 to 2007, operating profits increased by 133. 98% again showing effects of favorable economic conditions of the economy. Provisions for taxation have increased at an increasing rate over the years. Profit after taxatio n shows the same trend. From 2006 to 2007, profit after taxation increased by 227% which shows great performance.After that rate increase lowers down significantly but rises again from 2009 to 2010 when profit after tax increases by 48. 81%. The overall year over trend is quite favorable with no major setbacks in different measures of profit such as gross profit, profit before tax and profit after tax. Statement of Changes in fairness Statement of changes in equity also shows favorable trends. From 2006 to 2007 total equity increases by 39. 49% which is again owing to economic conditions but the good thing slightly the company is that they profited by this big grind and maintained and even improved same levels.From 2007 to 2008 equity increased by 47. 55%. It increased by 36. 57% next year and finally increased by 39. 81% from 2009 to 2010. Dividends also show healthy growth over the years showing consistent dividend policy of the company. Cash give ear Analysis Company is genera ting enough cash flows from operating activities to cover its investing and financing activities. In 2005 net cash flows were orgasm out to be negative but combined with previous cash flows the end result was still positive. From 2006 onwards the amount became positive and showed a major increase.There is a major decrease in cash flows in 2008 because of very low cash generation from operation indicating some problem in realization of receivables or sale out of inventories. There is also an increase in loss on net change in assets and liabilities and income tax paid. But the latest year of 2010 shows a favorable situation. Growth of cash flows over the years is very inconsistent. From 2005 to 2006, cash flow from operating activities is increasing by 2584. 57% which is a huge amount. Then from 2006 to 2007, cash flows from operating activities fell by 2. 5% and fell by 80% next year. Then there is a big increase from 2008 to 2009 of 1159. 73% and a fall of 48% from 2009 to 2010. Ca sh flow from investing activities shows same volatile trend but on average it is positive or increasing. Cash flow from financing activities decrease at a decreasing rate till 2007 to 2008. Later it increased by three hundred% from 2008-09 and also from 2009-10 by 49%. Total cash flows are also increasing from year to year but from 2006 to 2007, they are showing a decrease of 64%. So the only problem in the statement is the inconsistency of cash flows.Economic care for Added Economic value added is the true economic profit of the business for the year and it is very different from the accounting profit. Its basically net operating profit after tax minus weighted average cost of capital into capital invested, where capital invested is working capital plus fixed assets. Economic value added deducts cost of all charges including equity which is basically opportunity cost of the invested equity capital. This basically measures the amount that the firm has added to shareholders value.B ecause of the way EVA accounts for the equity it is a better measure to decide upon bodily goals of the company and determining performance of the management. This number is positive for the company and also showing year over year growth. From 2006 to 2007 it is showing a growth of 227. 48%. As capital invested increased, NOPAT also increased. Company military rating One of the most important task when analyzing a company is to gauge whether the current market price of the companys stock shows intrinsic value of the stock or whether it is overvalued or undervalued.The first rate is the calculation of weighted average cost of capital or WACC. For Bata Pakistan, WACC is calculated to be 13. 83%. Next step is to apply different techniques for determining the rate at which the company is growing. The average growth rate of sales is coming out to be 26. 89%. The average growth rate of dividends is coming out to be 60. 33% which is abnormally high due to uttermost(a) values and sharp i ncreases in the amount of dividends paid. The last technique is that of calculating growth of stark cash flows.The excess cash flow is basically the amount obtainable to the shareholders after deducting all charges. Values of free cash flows is coming out to be positive but again the average growth rate is coming to be 88. 22% which is also due to original values attributed to uneven and inconsistent growth in the operating cash flows used in the calculation of free cash flows. So we didnt apply the dividend growth exemplar. In any case WACC is coming out to be less than growth rate so we used free cash flow to equity model and assumed an average growth rate of 12% for the sake of simplicity.The intrinsic value of the company is coming out to be 639. 08. The stock price on thirty-first Dec 2010 was 660. The stock seems to be slightly overvalued but this amount is not significantly different and can easily be attributed to calculation mistakes. Recommendations * The company seem s to be performing satisfactorily overall as it is devising significant yearly profits. * It has sound credit and dividend policy and managing its inventory effectively. * Cash flows are inconsistent but that is not creating significant problems for the company. The company has the say-so to expand if it increases its investment in long term assets. It basically means that the company needs to be a bit less conservative. * The previous points follow to the fact that going for a certain percentage of debt financing may open new opportunities for the companies. * Based on the analysis and valuation, we can positively say that even if the stock is slightly overvalued it is a good buy and a good hold for those who already have it. The stock price is not very volatile. The company is growing but still it has the potential to grow further or maintain its growth nothing less.Apart from intrinsic value, its dividend policy is very attractive and ensures good return for its shareholders. R eferences Wild, J. & Subramanyam, K. (2008). Financial Statement Analysis (10th ed. ). McGraw-Hill Brigham, E. & Houstan, J. (2003). fundamentals of Financial Management (10th ed. ). South western sandwich Publisher Arifeen, S. (2010). Financial Statement Analysis of Companies Listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (2005-2010). State Bank of Pakistan, Statistics and DWH Department www. kse. com. pk www. investopedia. com www. lse. com. pk